Modern hafts are curved for better grip and to aid in the swinging motion, and are mounted securely to the head. Antique axes and their modern reproductions, like the tomahawk, often had a simple, straight haft with a circular cross-section that wedged onto the axe-head without the aid of wedges or pins. Traditionally, it was made of a resilient hardwood like hickory or ash, but modern axes often have hafts made of durable synthetic materials. The axe haft is sometimes called the handle. The part of the bit that descends below the rest of the axe-head is called the beard, and a bearded axe is an antiquated axe head with an exaggerated beard that can sometimes extend the cutting edge twice the height of the rest of the head. Either side of the head is called the cheek, which is sometimes supplemented by lugs where the head meets the haft, and the hole where the haft is mounted is called the eye. The top corner of the bit where the cutting edge begins is called the toe, and the bottom corner is known as the heel. The axe head is typically bounded by the bit (or blade) at one end, and the poll (or butt) at the other, though some designs feature two bits opposite each other.
The axe has two primary components: the axe head, and the haft.
Parts of the axeĪ diagram showing the main points on an axe The Mount Hagen area of Papua New Guinea was an important production centre. Stone axes are still produced and in use today in parts of Papua, Indonesia. In Europe, Neolithic "axe factories", where thousands of ground stone axes were roughed out, are known from many places, such as: Thin sectioning is used to determine the provenance of the stone blades. The distribution of stone axes is an important indication of prehistoric trade. The antler sheath was then either perforated and a handle inserted into it or set in a hole made in the handle instead. The antler was hollowed out at one end to create a socket for the axehead. Sometimes a short section of deer antler (an "antler sleeve") was used, which prevented the splitting of the haft and softened the impact on the stone blade itself, helping absorb the impact of each axe blow and lessening the chances of breaking the handle.
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